Inclusion Through Media, Grande Finale, 23rd November 2007

Launch of the Converge book at the Grande Finale of the Inclusion Through Media program. http://www.converge.org.uk

Deptford.TV uses the Converge Manual as HowTo publish video content on the Deptford.TV database. See also partner webpages http://www.flossmanuals.net & http://www.transmission.cc

Converge (an ITM project) created new opportunities for young people to exhibit and distribute moving image productions.
The project:

  • Developed a website and published information, about existing sites where young people can upload their digital videos.
  • Run a series of ‘How To’ hands-on workshops across a number of the partner groups, to enable young people to fully utilise both existing offers and build their own open source based channels.

The Inclusion Through Media (ITM) partnership, led by Hi8us Projects started in 2004. More than 20 UK partners and eight Transnational partners have produced a vast range of creative film, video and digital media work made by talented young people from different backgrounds, different parts of the country and different European countries.

ITM has been an enormously successful partnership with impressive outcomes and achievements. With the programme coming to an end in December 2007, we would like to celebrate, highlight and share our best practice. Above all we want to showcase the successful and innovative work of our participants, with our participants.

4th Digital Culture Lunchtime Session, 23rd October

Arts Council London invites you to consider with us the implications of MySpace, Second Life, Facebook, You Tube, Flickr and other online collaborative interfaces on artistic practice and cultural participation. Do they represent a fully democratised cultural opportunity for artists and audiences?  Does endless availability, access and openness lead to a deterioration in artistic quality? Is the paid professional contributing any more than the unpaid amateur?

Join in the discussion with:-

Andrew Keen: Author of ‘The Cult of the Amateur’
Adnan Hadzi: Initiator Deptford.TV
Alex Fleetwood: Producer and associate of Punchdrunk
Saul Albert: Artist and co-founder of ‘The People Speak’ and nm-x.org

ANDREW KEEN is a Silicon Valley author, broadcaster and entrepreneur whose acclaimed new book ‘Cult of the Amateur: How the Internet is Killing Our Culture’ presents an antidote to the prevailing assumptions around Internet cultural democracy as championed by Charles Leadbeater. Andrew is a prominent media personality who has appeared on CNN International, NPR, and BBC Newsnight. He has written for The Los Angeles Times, the Wall Street Journal, and the Guardian, and has been featured in many publications including Time Magazine, the Financial Times,  the Sunday Times, & the Independent.

ADNAN HADZI is undertaking a practice-based PhD, ‘the author vs. the collective’, that focuses on the influence of digitalisation and the new forms of (documentary-) film production, as well as the author’s rights in relation to collective authorship. This is interdisciplinary research that combines sources and expertise from the fields of media and communication, computer studies and architecture. The practical outcome will be a online database drawing on the current regeneration process centred around the Laban dance centre in Deptfort, London. The databse serves as a platform for artists and filmmakers and as such enables to store and share the documentation of the regeneration development.

ALEX FLEETWOOD is an artist and producer of Hide & Seek, London’s first pervasive games festival. He is a collaborative associate of Punchdrunk Theatre Company and along with other artists and creatives will be exploring audience participation within alternate reality gaming as part of the PlayTime Lab at this years London Games Festival Fringe.

SAUL ALBERT, our esteemed compere, is an artist, coder and writer known for his open source ethos and advocacy of collaborative, self-organised structures. Instrumental in establishing projects such as the University of Openess, nm-x.org, Node London and others, Saul is co-producer of The People Speak, which is currently re-inventing funding models with  ‘Who Wants to Be..’. Based on the ask-the-audience feature of the popular TV game show ‘Who Wants to Be a Millionaire’ it helps large groups of people to make suggestions, discuss an issue, and to vote on each step in a creative decision-making process.

In association with the PlayTime Lab at this years London Games Festival Fringe. http://www.londongamesfringe.com/

Who Wants To Be? at The Albany, Deptford, Tuesday 9 October

The People speak gameshow is uploaded to the Deptford.TV database.

How to Buy a Woodland (Albany Theatre)

October 9, 2007
7:30 pm to 9:30 pm

On the 9th October 2007, London based art collective ‘The People Speak‘ conducted a radical experiment in live entertainment. ‘Who Wants to Be?’ mixed democratic decision-making, interactive animation and improvisation into a dangerously spontaneous game show.

Video on Archive.org

Using a computer vision voting system designed for use by hoards of rowdy people, the audience at the Albany Theatre in Deptford decided that what they really wanted to do, after all was buy a piece of woodland together!

dsc_0005.JPGAn excited crowd gathered at the Albany Theatre, where they were wowed by the whirling crystal ball of money, which sat, enticingly at the front of the auditorium. By the end of the first 45 minutes, the audience had decided to use the £1000 to buy something that could be shared by everyone who had put their money in the hat.

voting audience

The second half was spent coming up with ideas for what that could be. The suggestion that we should buy and share an animal turned into a real controversy, with some saying it would be cruel to keep moving any animal – ‘even a goldfish’ between 100 people.

audience voting again

Eventually, the animal idea was vetoed, and instead, someone proposed that we buy a nice bike and a digital camera, and then using Google calendar and other online tools, plot a relay route between all of the audiences homes, and document a massive relay cycle with photos and blog postings.

voting again

Then someone suggested land: after discussions about a dodgy-sounding timeshare in Spain and a squatted old boat in Deptford Creek, the audience fixated on the idea of buying a woodland together. The final vote was between buying a woodland, the bike and camera blog, and doing some guerilla gardening together.

voting again

This time, the woodland won by a comfortable majority, so everyone’s names and emails were collected, and the practical and legal challenges of buying a woodland for an entire audience began!

voting again

Eventually, we discovered that woodlands are really expensive because of legal work, and that you can’t just buy one – they need looking after. Then we found a fantastic company called Woods for All which enabled us to buy shared ownership in the woodland for the audience – while actually doing something good for the environment by making sure the wood is looked after.

voting again

Each audience member was allowed to choose a share in either Taldrum Wood in South Wales, or Spring Wood in Devon – both spectacularly beautiful woodlands.

Only 13 months later – a deed of ownership arrived in the mail! Many thanks are due to Gary Moore from Woods for All for making it happen. Here’s a scan of ours:

Our deed to the woodland - the audience all got one!

The Deed to Tenner Woods

Now deal with it. October 2007

During the Jihlava filmfestival in October 2007 Adnan Hadzi presented the converge project and gave a workshop for documentary filmmakers on how to publish their videos with free and open source software. The text “Now deal with it” is published in the reader of the Institute for Documentary Film.

Have you broken up with the celluloid and instead got hooked to the web? The workshop is of particular interest for any film-makers, musicians and web people Enthusiasts keen to learn how to get their work online.

The workshop introduced tools,technologies and available services for encoding, uploading and sharing films, podcasts and video blogs online using free and open source software such as Broadcast Machine (RSS feed,Democracy Player, iTunes Vodcast). Participants where shown how to use x.264 technology (portable video devices iPod,sony PSP, Archor etc.),demonstrating how one can encode and prepare movies with free and open source tools that can be taken home.

Now deal with it!

This text is published under the creative commons sa-by license, for the full license see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/

Collaborative projects are co-shaped by all the people taking part in them in terms of not only expertise and fields of interest, but also cultural back-grounds, viewpoints, personalities and temperaments. My research in new forms of documentary film-making at the Media and Communication Department at Goldsmiths College, University of London focuses on the aspect of collaborative production methods for (documentary) film, one outcome is the Deptford.TV project.

The Deptford.TV project generates an online public space where contributors can discuss the regeneration process and the transformations this brings to specific, physical public spaces. This online public space exists as a weblog on the website http://deptford.tv. Video-blogging has been discussed as a form of collective documentary-making.

“In relation to the use of online (found) footage the term ‘collective documentary’ becomes highly relevant, on the one hand emphasizing the intention of telling something significant about real life events, on the other hand telling that the work is made as a result of several people working together, not as an organized team defined by a given task, but rather as a small community with shared interests.” (Hoem, 2004:6)

Hoem goes on to argue that blogs provide “an individual base for entering a community” (2004:7): on the one hand maintaining a blog is an individual activity, whereas on the other hand the process of blogging often becomes part of a collaborative effort where diverse people contribute different types of content in multiple ways and on different levels. According to Hoem blogs are blurring “the boundaries between production, distribution and consumption” (2004:7), whereas they necessarily redefine notions of media literacy so

as to “reflect(s) an awareness of both the consuming and the producing aspects of media technology.” (2004:7)

This text looks at how the participants of the Deptford.TV project perceived the notion of authorship and to what extent this is important to them as contributors of either content

or context. Do they consider personal attribution to be important within a collaborative project? How do they feel when their work is reused, remixed or re-edited — and thus re-authored? And how do they feel about the fact that their work can be reused for commercial purposes, or for ideological purposes they do not necessarily endorse?

Every single contributor feels that personal attribution is important as it protects their identity as creators of either content or context, and allows them to track down their input as well as any ‘transformations’ their contribution might undergo through being reused, re-edited or remixed. Elvira, one of the collaborators, points out that Deptford.TV can fluctuate as a group, which is why it cannot be used as an umbrella. At the same time, she feels that once her material goes on the public domain it belongs to whoever wants to watch and/or use it. She thinks that this process of sharing is there to enhance creativity as it reduces the limitations imposed by mainstream litigation.

Hoem sees video-blogging as collective documentary-making. In his paper “Videoblogs as Collective Documentary” he states that “in relation to the use of online (found) footage the term ‘collective documentary’ becomes highly relevant, at one hand emphasizing the intention of telling something significant about real life events, on the other hand telling that the work is made as a result of several people working together, not as a organized team defined by a given task, but rather as a small community with shared interests.” (2004: 6)

“The most successful online environments seem to be those which are designed in order to make it possible to post information at different levels, socializing new users into the systems publishing-culture. Blogs provide some of these socializing effects providing an individual base for enteringa community, blurring the boundaries between production, distribution and consumption. […] It is important that our notion of media literacy reflects an awareness of both the consuming and the producing aspects of media technology. This is an area where textual blogging already seems to prove its potential. Maintaining a weblog is primarily an individual activity, but since production is closely connected to media consumption blogging often becomes part of a collaborative effort where a number of people might contribute in a multitude of ways. […] When making video online the most important aspect of collective documentaries is that the raw material is provided by a number of persons and the collective editing-process where the concept of re-editing is essential. Before we look into the different stages of the videoblogging process we have to consider the basis for an online community fostering the kind of collaboration needed in order to promote media literacy through the making of collective documentaries. We may consider collaboration as communication where there are no clear distinction between senders and receivers of information. Nevertheless, all communication has to begin with individual producers who provide some kind of context, transforming data into information by creating relationships between data (text, images, video and sound). Through our experience of different sources of information we construct knowledge in interaction with others by sharing and discussing the different patterns in which information may be organized. In the end knowledge is the basis for wisdom, the most intimate level of understanding. Wisdom can be reckoned as a kind of “meta-knowledge” of relationships achieved through personal experience.” (Hoem 2004: 7)

Deptford.TV requires that each individual contributor undertake part of the responsibility. This means that ‘amateurs’ are taking control of domains that were strictly reserved for the professional ‘classes’ of media-producers. “Whether in music file-sharing, radio broadcasting or the writing of fanzines, the amateur media producer is intimately involved in dominant cultural practices, at the same time as they transform those practices through their own ‘autonomous’ media.” (Atton 2005: 15)

“Documentary makers must refuse to sacrifice the subjectivity of the viewer. […] Make sure the viewers know that they are watching a version of the subject matter, not the thing in itself. […] it would make the documentary model a little less repugnant, since this disclaimer would avoid the assertion that one was showing the truth of the matter. This would allow the system to remain closed, but still produce the realization that what is being documented is not a concrete history […] It is this nomadic quality that distinguishes them from the rigidly bounded recombinant films of Hollywood; however, like them, they rest comfortably in neither the category of fiction nornonfiction. For the purposes of resistance, the recombinant video offers no resolution; rather, it acts as a database for the viewer to make his own inferences. This aspect of the recombinant film presupposes a desire on the part of the viewer to take control of the interpretive matrix, and construct his own meanings. Such work is interactive to the extent that the viewer cannot be a passive participant.” (Critical Arts Ensemble, 1996)

Following the Critical Arts Ensemble’s argumentation, one could say that the distinction between fiction and non-fiction film is misleading, since both use the same language, both manipulate the moving image. Non-fiction films follow the same narrative patterns like a fiction films. Documentary films most often end with a conclusion and a “show down” prepared by the filmmaker from a montage of sequences. Creating a database which would provide access to the rough material as the film’s ‘source code’, as well as allow the contributors to share this material through an open content license, could liberate the

medium of documentary film and facilitate innovative forms of interactive, many-to-many documentaries.

Society got familiar with mass media as a one-way channel of communication. Nevertheless radio, the first mass medium, originally was a two-way communication channel. In the early 1920s Berthold Brecht saw the potential of radio as a medium that could support a two-way political discussion program format. Brecht believed that the collective approach to production could be applied to both radio and film.

Berthold Brecht was enthusiastic about the potential of radio as a liberating medium when this was first invented in the early 20th century. For Brecht radio was a two-way communication device: a receiver as well as a transmitter. The first radio sets were indeed designed as both receivers and transmitters. In his letter to the German Director of Radio Broadcasting in 1927 Brecht wrote:

“In my view you should try to make radio broadcasting into a really democratic thing. To this end you would already achieve much, for example, if you were to cease production only on your own for this wonderful distribution apparatus you have at your disposal and instead allow it to make productive topical events simply by setting up and in special cases perhaps by managing it in a skillful, time-saving way. […] In other words I believe that you must move with the apparatuses closer to the real events and not simply limit yourself to reproducing or reporting. You must go to the parliamentary sessions of the Reichstag and especially to the major court trials. Since this would be a great step forward, there will certainly be a series of laws that try to prevent that. You must turn to the public in order to eliminate these laws.” (Silberman 2001: 35)

Brecht wrote the radio play Lindberg’s Flight for an interactive many-to-many radio event, which opened at the Festival for German Chamber Music in Baden-Baden on 27 July 1929. The play’s subject was the first flight over the Atlantic Ocean by pilot Charles Lindberg, in May 1927. Lindberg’s Flight pictured the flight as a struggle of technology against nature, and as an achievement of a collective rather than an individual. The audience was participating in the role of Lindberg. Brecht was showcasing “how the medium itself can transform social communication through its technological advantage: the ear is to become a voice.” (Silberman 2001: 41)

Brecht’s vision never materialized. Instead, radio became a one-to-many medium, distributing content controlled by centralised radio stations to the masses of audiences.

Today, digital networks provide new possibilities for liberated media practices through the use of Free Software. Since art and ideas never develop within an art-historical vacuum but always feed on the past, free culture ideals promise to make our cultural heritage accessible to everybody to re-read, re-use and re-mix as they like. According to Armin Medosch: “Without open access to the achievements of the past there would be no culture at all.” (2003: 15) His project Kingdom of Piracy, a book and a CD software package, was released under Open Content licenses and it was free to use, share and edit. One of the softwares found on the CD is the Dyne:Bolic, a Linux distribution used for the Deptford. TV project, as discussed later on in this chapter. An ever increasing amount of recent and current art projects require that artists work collaboratively with programmers in order to create such projects. They also often require the use of controversial technologies such as file-sharing or concepts of computer viruses. Such projects are of course, more often than not, criticised by the media industry as giving ground to piracy.

“This is not piracy, as industry associations want us to believe, but the creation of open spaces in a number of different ways; they facilitate freedom of expression, collective action in creation and political expression and the notion of a public interest in networked communications” (Medosch 2003: 18)

“The Internet is not simply a more efficient way of maintaining subcultural activity, it is potentially a space for its creation and recreation on a global scale: it remains an invitation to a new imaginary.” (Atton 2005:8 )

Over the last few years “Free Libre and Open Source Software” (FLOSS), a form of collaborative software development, has grown rapidly over the digital networks. “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”.

The users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Linux is one of the most famous FLOSS developments. Linux is a computer operating system which can be installed for free on any computer without having to pay for it, unlike the commercial mainstream operating systems like Microsoft Windows or Apple Mac OS. All its source code is available to the public and anyone can freely use, modify, and redistribute it.

“A useful starting point is in the political philosophy of anarchism and Proudhon’s well known formulation, “all property is theft”. But even if we accept this axiom, with what might we replace it? Murray Bookchin (1986: 50) has proposed that we consider “usufruct” as a counter to property rights. […] usufruct should be contrasted with property. Where the latter implies the permanent ownership of resources, usufruct is a temporary property relationship based on utility need which meets the demands of communality […] The continuing history of Linux is a significant working model of usufruct. […] It is anarchism in action” (Atton 2005: 101-102)

The Open Source and Free Software movements share the source code of their programs under a copyleft license. In the same way, collective film-making web interfaces will share the film ‘source code’, that is, the rough material plus the meta-data created by logging and editing this material. Such web-interfaces and technologies like File-sharing challenge the notion of traditional broadcasting: on the one hand the production and distribution processes merge together; on the other hand the audiences can participate actively by undertaking a role that has always, within the frame of traditional media production, been exclusively reserved to producers. These changes challenge expectations of the film as a finished, linear product, and of the audiences as passive consumers of culture and/or entertainment.

File-sharing is thus seen as controversial because of its key role in this blurring of old concepts; what was earlier seen as stable commodity forms and circuits of distribution are now turned upside down, what was once seen as a delineation of stable roles for the human actors involved is now severely called into question. (Andresson, 2006)

Why would mp3 files necessarily replace retail CDs, for example? Wouldn’t they rather replace radio? Why would avi files replace retail DVDs? Wouldn’t they rather replace a visit to the video rental shop, or two hours of Sky Movies, or — for that sake — the free DVD that came with Sunday’s newspaper? Why shouldn’t the public broadcasting services not be fileshareres, as the tax payer already payd

The end of this text is a remix out of the collectively written reader “Deptford.TV diaries”, the original text can be found on http://Deptford.TV with many thanks to Jonas Andersson, Maria X, Andrea Rota, James Steven and all the collaborators:

Nowadays, everyone knows that anyone could copy that file, yet the industry persists with

even more vitriolic rhetoric. The genie is doubtlessly out of the bottle, and we are faced with a public which is more aware than ever of the controversies at hand, whilst being

increasingly skilled in getting what they want — for free.

Communality, collaboration and public sharing here constitute a living, long-established, interesting challenge to the conventional financial system — and a sphere which can still

promise profit and growth. The Asian counterfeit economy (real piracy!) is a thriving, semi-hidden counterpart to the corporate economy — and the gains from this pirate economy are often more beneficial to the world’s poor. When it comes to copying of so-called ‘immaterial’ produce, the collective gain is so high that also those with modest margins of sustenance can afford to share that which is only multiplied and never reducible: culture, ideas, knowledge, information, software.

It is, however, illusory to believe file-sharing is entirely altruistic. It is highly motivated by personal gratification and notions of comfort and instantaneity. Scratching the veneer of most human behaviour this is of course a far from unexpected finding. Still, most people would argue, through the simple physical phenomenon of aggregation sharing generates something which could certainly be described as a ‘greater good,’ something which the agents involved can make continuous use of and take pride in — in fact, they often

even describe it as altruism.

When we freely share content on the Internet, we are currently bypassing the established forms of the market place — generating, in effect, new systems of exchange. Appropriation and consumption are just that; it is all about the uses of media content*; turning it into something else, or using it beyond the means dictated by the producer. We could therefore ask ourselves: is cultural appropriation piracy?

Rasmus Fleischer and Palle Torsson — the authors behind the influential ‘grey commons’ speech — insist on talking about file-sharing as a horizontal activity;

“Digital technology is built on copying bits, and internet is built on filesharing. Copying is always already there. The only thing copyright can do is to impose a moral differentiation between so-called normal workings and immoral.” (Fleischer and Torsson 2006)

To put it bluntly: People collaborate, copy and share because they can. Now deal with it.

Bibliography

Andersson, Jonas (2006) “The Pirate Bay and the ethos of sharing” in Deptford.TV diaries. London: Openmute

Atton, Chris. (2005) Alternative Internet. Edinburgh: University Press.

Critical Arts Ensemble. (1996) The electronic disobedience. New York: Autonomedia

Hoem, Jon. (2004) Videoblogs as “Collective Documentary”. Vienna: Blog Talk conference.

Medosch, Armin. (2003) Piratology. In Kingdom of Piracy (ed). Dive. Liverpool: Fact. pp. 8-19.

Rasmus Fleischer and Palle Torsson. (2005) ‘grey commons’ speech at Chaos Communication Congress 22C3 in Berlin.

Silberman, Marc. (2001) Brecht on Film. London: methuen.

Opera Calling

Bitnik media collective is hacking the opera. Maria X wrote about us in furtherfield.org:

On Friday April 9 (2007) I was at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich for the opening of the Opera Calling project. Opera Calling is an exhibition and performance created by the Bitnik media collective and artist Sven Koenig, to be running at the Cabaret Voltaire till the 2nd of May.

Entering into the (maybe not very Dadaist…) refurbished space of Cabaret Voltaire, I follow the steps down to the crypt to visit Opera Calling. The first thing I see is a forest of cables and phone receivers: 100 white phones are attached to the ceiling, while their receivers are bouncing down into the gallery space. Moving through the upside-down phone forest I can see two computer screens in a corner, with information flashing on them. Occasionally I can hear the familiar sound of dialling a number, and a phone ringing. Listening into a receiver I find that, most of the time, I can listen to the opera… That is not some recorded opera concert played back to the gallery visitors: if one is familiar with the programme of the Zurich opera, s/he will soon realise that s/he can actually listen to the performance currently taking place at the Opera House! Of course the sound is very ‘dirty’ but, well, that Friday we did actually listen to La Boheme -along with everybody else in the Opera House. The difference was that we didn’t pay for a ticket, nor did we have to physically visit the Opera House. Instead, the opera itself called out to reach us, visitors in the Cabaret Voltaire, and Zurich residents in their homes…

The artists describe Opera Calling as ?an intervention into the cultural system of the Zurich Opera.? What they have done is secretly place bugs within the auditorium of the Opera House, and redistribute the performances not through public broadcasting, but through calling up individuals in Zurich, on their landlines. As soon as the opera performance starts, a machine calls out Zurich phone numbers. If a Zurich resident replies, what they can hear is a computerised message explaining what they are about to listen to, and then a live transmission of the performance taking place in the Opera House. The visitors of the gallery space witness this interaction: they can see which phone number the machine is calling, and what the outcome is: will someone answer? Will they hang up? Will an answering machine come up? Will the person on the phone listen to the opera? When someone at the other end of the line picks up the phone, the telephones in the exhibition, like the telephone at this person’s house, are connected to the opera.

Bitnik and Koenig talk about exploring ?the usefulness of as an artistic strategy of production.? Opera Calling definitely is a hacking project: it hacks through a quite rigid cultural and social system, aiming to open this up to the general public. Andrius Kulikauskas uses the term ‘social hacker’ at a paper published in the Journal of Hyper(+)drome to describe a person who encourages activity amongst online groups, and is willing to break social norms in order to do so.
[ ?Social Hacking: The Need for an Ethics?, Issue 1, September 2004] I suggest that this is exactly what the OC artists do: by performing a real, but also symbolic act of hacking (the sound of the live opera transmission becomes so transformed, that there is no way someone who intended to visit the opera in the first place would decide to go to the gallery and listen to the performance instead. In that sense, hacking into the Opera House becomes less a ‘stealing’ of the performance and more a symbolic act that makes a point around issues of open culture) the OC artists come up with an idiosyncratic solution to what they consider a problem: the ‘closed-circuit’ opera culture that seems to be preserving a class system due to the, prohibitive for many, cost of the opera tickets.

Kulikauskas describes the hacker approach as ‘practical’, ‘nonstandard’, and ‘unexpected’ [ibid], and I think that these adjectives very much describe the OC project: it employs simple, practical means like bugs built from cheap, readily available technology, to perform what definitely is a nonstandard action (how often does the opera call you at your home?…) with unexpected aesthetic outcomes. I thought that Opera Calling is an excellent project, as it cleverly appropriates the found content and social symbolism of the opera to create a new piece that can stand both as an artwork and as an act of social intervention. Within this context, becomes completely disengaged from any negative connotations that it may carry and, to my eyes at least, turns into a playful act of uncanny transformation and original creation. What I missed in this project though is the involvement of the home-audiences and gallery-visitors in this action as something more than what they would be if they were in the Opera House – that is audiences /witnesses. I think that OC has a potential in terms of audience intervention, communication, and community building, which it cannot fulfil as a ‘sleek’ gallery-based installation. I hope to see many more ‘dirty’ versions of it in the future…

The story so far according to an email update I just received (29 March 2007): `’For the last two weeks Opera Calling has retransmitted ten live performances of the Zurich opera to 1489 households in Zurich. The Zurich Opera claims to have found and destroyed 2 bugs. With the Opera in frantic mode and an unknown number of bugs still to find the *spectacle* continues…??

The art of sinking, September 15th, 2007

The mindsweeper on fire. The mindsweeper project is on hold. In the afternoon of the 15th of September a fire broke out in the generator area. A third of the boat is destroyed. You can find rough material documenting the project in the Deptford.TV database.

HMS Ledsham was built in Poole for the Royal Navy after World War II (completed in 1954) and did service on the Suez Canal. It is entirely wooden and is an excellent and rare surviving example of triple-carvel construction shipbuilding.

She was subsequently decommissioned, passed around; lost its bridge and upper structure in a storm; was stripped of most of its remaining fittings – wiring, plumbing and copper sheath – and abandoned on the Greenwich Reach of the Thames, where it suffered considerable rain damage (rain in cities is acidic and very bad for wood.)

The vessel was salvaged in 1998 by a group of friends who saw it had possibilities as a venue, and got together to invest their time and money in it. The vessel was renamed The Mindsweeper, and moved to its present location on Deptford Creek

The front deck was plied over – to prevent further rain damage – and the main upper-deck/venue-space was constructed of steel and glass and roofed over.

The rear deck was temporarily roofed over, but suffered further damage during a fire in September 2007. In 2008, The Mindsweeper was accepted onto the Registry of Historic Ships as a vessel of historical significance to the nation.

check out the mindsweeper blog, tymon dogg’s movie & his blog

Thursday Club Summer Season, 2008

Supported by the Goldsmiths GRADUATE SCHOOL and the Goldsmiths DIGITAL STUDIOS

6pm until 8pm, Seminar Rooms at Ben Pimlott Building (Ground Floor, right), Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, SE14 6NW

FREE, ALL ARE WELCOME. No booking required.

17 APRIL with RACHEL BETH EGENHOEFER

Knitting Intangibles

Rachel Beth considers her Commodore 64 Computer and Fischer Price Loom to be defining objects of her childhood. She creates tactile representations of cyclical data structures in candy and knitting and is currently exploring the intersection of textiles, technology, and the body in contemporary art practice. Rachel Beth is currently working as an Artist in Residence at the University of Brighton, Lighthouse Brighton, and Furtherfield London as part of the Arts Council England Initiative, commissioned by Distributed South and curated by SCAN and Space Media.

Rachel Beth will be presenting work in progress from her residency that explores the motion of knitting and the motion of code. Some of the work includes a knit zoetrope, interactive virtual knitting, knitting with the Nintendo Wii and others.  She describes the interactive virtual knitting as demonstrating “the motion from the knitting actions are tracked and translated into a visualization of “knit code” displayed on screen (and eventually on the web). The action of engaging or knitting with the piece naturally produces a physical cloth, while it also shows that code is constructed from the same types of patterns to create a type of virtual cloth (or software). Visually the piece will reflect our bodily interaction with machines, tracing the circular motion of the needles to our body’s give and take of working at a machine.  Cloth is often seen as an element of comfort and protection. Machines are perceived to assist us with advancing technology and communication while they are also harming our bodies with carpel tunnel syndrome, back pain, sore eyes, and other strain as we interact with them. This piece explores that delicate space in-between.”

RACHEL BETH EGENHOEFER received her BFA from the Fiber department with a concentration in Digital Media from the Maryland Institute College of Art, and was an MFA fellow at the University of California, San Diego where she also was a graduate researcher at UCSD’s Center for Research and Computing in the Arts (CRCA). Her work has been exhibited internationally in the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Institute for Contemporary Art (ICA) London, the Banff Centre for the Arts, ISEA 2004 and others. She formerly worked on the editorial staff of Artbyte Magazine in New York City, and continues freelance writing on art, modern society, and media culture.
www.rachelbeth.net

24 APRIL with KATE PULLINGER & CHRIS JOSEPH

Flight Paths: a networked book

“Flight Paths” seeks to explore what happens when lives collide –an airplane stowaway and a fictional suburban London housewife. This project will tell their stories; it will be a work of digital fiction, a networked book, created on and through the internet. The project will include a web iteration that opens up the research process to the outside world, inviting discussion of the large array of issues the project touches on. Questions raised by this project include: what are the possibilities for new narrative forms? How do we “write to be seen” or “write to be heard” when creating multimedia narratives, and can we imagine writing to be smelled, tasted, felt? What are the effects of collective authorship across multiple forms?

KATE PULLINGER works both in print and new media. Her most recent novels include A Little Stranger (2006) and Weird Sister (1999). Her current digital fiction projects include ‘Inanimate Alice’. Pullinger is Reader in Creative Writing and New Media at De Montfort University.

CHRIS JOSEPH is a digital writer and artist who has created solo and collaborative work as babel. His past projects include ‘Inanimate Alice’, ‘The Breathing Wall’ and ‘Animalamina’. He is currently Digital Writer in Residence at De Montfort University, Leicester.

8 MAY with CAMILLE BAKER & MARILENE OLIVER

MINDTouch
&
Making DICOM Dance – The Digitised Body as a site for performing subjectivity

MINDTouch explores ideas of non-verbal transference, telepathic collaboration, and the participant as performer, using biofeedback and mobile phone technology under meta-goals of studying “liveness” within mobile networked environments. MINDTouch involves creating a mobile networked performance that utilizes a database of streamed and/or archived video-clips created by video-enabled mobile phones, to then be retrieved, streamed and remixed during (a) live visuals performance(s). The participants invited to contribute to the video blogs are asked to explore their own consciousness, non-verbal emotional /affective senses and dream states, embodiment and communication.
www.smartlab.uk.com/2projects/mindtouch.htm

CAMILLE BAKER is a Ph.D. Candidate at SMARTlan, University of East London, conducting research on Networked Performance Media, funded by BBC R+D.
www.swampgirl67.net

&

Making DICOM Dance: Marilene Oliver’s practice-based research looks at medical and laser imaging technologies that scan bodies and break them down to bytes. Oliver examines from an artist’s perspective, the processes needed to convert flesh to pixel (digital photography), flesh to voxel (MRI, CT and PET) and flesh to xyz co-ordinates (3D laser scanning). Oliver will present a selection of artworks made using MRI data (where the subject of the scans is bespoke) and CT data (where the subject of the scans are either infamous or anonymous). The presentation will be both technical and theoretical, concentrating on the performative puppeteering activity that emerges when working with MRI and CT data.

MARILENE OLIVER is currently a research student in the Fine Art Print department at the Royal College of Art. Oliver has exhibited widely in the UK and Europe including the Victoria and Albert Museum, Royal Academy, Royal Institution, Science Museum (UK). Oliver was awarded the Royal Academy print prize in 2006 and the Printmaking Today prize in 2001.

15 MAY with COLM LALLY & VERINA GFADER

Condensation revisited: strategic walking / access to knowledge / economics of things / conversation pieces

In June 2007 Colm and Verina were invited to take part in the residency programme: Reference Check, a co-production lab taking place at the Banff New Media Institute in Banff, Alberta, Canada.
During the residency they expanded the notion of “interface” associated with various forms of online communication and exchange, to other, perhaps more radical, forms of spaces between different entities. At the core Colm & Verina’s actions emerges the search for where a site of potential resides beside of technologies’ restrictive mode of ex/inter-change and so-called collaborative or networked practices. Colm & Verina will present the “document” of the process that their project Condensation took during the residency at Banff. This includes questions of: the necessity of temporary frameworks; the character of dialogical communication processes; the failure as a site of potential. In an informal setting the “document” will take the format of a line, or “walking” – of virtually making a tour through various landscapes…

COLM LALLY is founder and director of E:vent. Since 2003 Colm has taken a hands-on role developing the E:vent programme, focusing on media art; video; performance; and electronic music. Colm was a co-organiser of Node.London 06 and is co-director of Arts in Action artists community.

VERINA GFADER completed a practice-based Ph.D. in Fine Arts at Central Saint Martins College, London in 2006, and recently joined CRUMB (web resource for new media art curators) as post-doc research assistant.

29 MAY with RICHARD COLSON

Linking the Senses

Richard Colson considers the role of gesture as part of any process of making art and reflects on its use in his painting and in his work using digital technologies. The talk will try to unravel aspects of experience that have a direct bearing on the interdependence of vision, auditory phenomena, gesture and spatial changes in both the creation of art and its reception by the viewer. Richard will use visual art works and examples of creative writing and will try to show how an awareness of spatial position can have a critical influence on the nature of what is perceived.

RICHARD COLSON is the author of The Fundamentals of Digital Art (AVA Publishing Uk Ltd) and co-curated Sense Detectives at Watermans Arts Centre. He is a Director of the annual Takeaway Festival of DIY Media at the Dana Centre, Science Museum. His paintings are in collections at the House of Lords, the House of Commons, Royal Dutch Shell and Pearson PLC.
www.kwomodo.com

5 JUNE with ALEX MCLEAN & DAVE GRIFFITHS

Live Coding

Live coders program in conversation with their machine, dynamically adding instructions and functions to running programs. Here there is no distinction between creating and running a piece of software – its execution is controlled through edits to its source code. Live coding has recently become popular in performance, where software is written before an audience in order to generate music and video for them to enjoy. McLean and Griffiths have played around Europe together with Adrian Ward as the live coding band “slub”. They will talk about the history and practice of live coding, and give some demos of their own live coding environments.

ALEX MCLEAN has been triggering distorted kick drum samples with Perl scripts for far too long. He is a PhD student at Goldsmiths Digital Studios.

DAVE GRIFFITHS writes programs to make noises, pictures and animations. He makes film effectis software and computer games.

Dave & Alex are both members of the Openlan free software artists collective and the TOPLAP organisation for live algorithm promotion.
slub.org ; toplap.org ; pawfal.org/openlab ; pawfal.org/dave ; yaxu.org

THE THURSDAY CLUB is an open forum discussion group for anyone interested in the theories and practices of cross-disciplinarity, interactivity, technologies and philosophies of the state-of-the-art in today’s (and tomorrow’s) cultural landscape(s).

For more information email Maria X at drp01mc@gold.ac.uk

To find Goldsmiths check http://www.goldsmiths.ac.uk/find-us/

INTIMACY – BOOK NOW!

INTIMACY PROGRAMME:

FRIDAY 7 DECEMBER

10:00-17:00 [Home London]
One-to-One Performances – Programme TBC soon, check website for regular updates

10:00-14:00 [Graduate School Seminar Rooms]
SEMINAR: THE TIME IT TAKES TO TRUE
Leader: MINE KAYLAN, Goldsmiths/University of Sussex
The seminar will investigate a poetics of live interaction with particular attention to time as a significant vector in ‘meaningful’ exchange. Within the context of proximal and of telematic /virtual environments, how does the play of time work in what we might identify as poetic exchange, which we yearn for, recognize as precious, pay good money to experience? What is ‘intimacy’ within these terms? What can we learn from cinema makers about structures of time and visual rhythm in interactions through telemotion? These are some questions I am sucking on, still.
Tickets: 7.5 GBP, concessions 4.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacytimetotrue.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

11:00-17:00 [Laban Studio at Goldsmiths Campus]
WORKSHOP: BODIES OF COLOUR
Leader: PROF. JOHANNES BIRRINGER, Brunel University of West London
For this workshop, Prof. Birringer suggests a reflection on the art of Brazilian artist Hélio Oiticica (see show at Tate Modern, June-September 2007): “Oiticia moved from abstraction and 2D work to increasingly 3D works, sculptures, then boxes, installations, architectural models and social projects. His work of the 60s and 70s culminates in the Penetraveis and Perangolés series. In the late 70s, just prior to his premature death while in exile in New York, he created several installations called ‘Quasi-Cinema’ (audio visual installations for the audience-participants, based on his utopian and metaphysical principles of vivencia and the supra-sensorial). The Perangolés have always attracted my attention, as they are ‘wearables’ (inhabitable fabrics, colours-in-action). I see them as extraordinary forerunners of our contemporary experiments with wearables. For INTIMACY I will invite the participants to explore the contemporary (technologically augmented and supported) wearable sensorial interface for performance, by wearing special garments with sensors, and interacting in the tactile sensorial manner within the media environment (images, sounds, colours).”
Tickets: 11.5 GBP, concessions 7.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacybodies.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

10:00-18:00 [Laban Studio at Goldsmiths Campus]
WORKSHOP: INTIMATE DETAILS ONLY
Leader: KIRA O’REILLY

Dispersed, elaborated and localised intimacies cluster and move between the complex webs of you and I.
Drag lines and spindles of utterances.
Radical tangos.
Scalpels teasing tissue apart.

Peculiar occurrences of confidence and trust, wonderment and astonishment manifest, unannounced from our reassembling and disassembling of events that unfold, processes that cascade in our designed moments of actions, performances, makings and unmakings.

Sometimes it means that someone thinks I love them. Or that they have love me. It gets all mixed up.

Perhaps we can figure out how to occupy some of the pauses, lapses and moments within this conflicting and confusing concept of intimacy.
Perhaps not.
Perhaps we initiate wilful failures and radical dissociations.
Perhaps we will break our hearts in some disastrous dissasemblage.

Tickets: 11.5 GBP, concessions 7.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacydetails.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

14:00-18:00
SEMINAR: AT RISK [Goldsmiths: Graduate School Seminar Room]
Leader: TRACEY WARR
Body Art puts an other human body in your lap in live performance, photographic document or on screen image. It has often made hard looking for audiences. It asks what is it to be human and what is it to be humane. In this workshop we will examine our own responses, responsibilities and complicities in relation to a range of historical and contemporary artists’ work, including Chris Burden, Gina Pane, Bruce Gilchrist, Marcus Coates, He Yun Chang and Mark Raidpere. We will consider our responses in relation to differing modes of proximity – as viewers of live performances, photographic documents and on screen images.
We will examine a range of theoretical positions on the issues of empathy and responsibility. In the 1930s psychologist Paul Schilder argued for a shared ontology between bodies, claiming that ‘the laws of identification and of communication between images of the body make one’s suffering and pain everybody’s affair’. Does Rosalind Krauss’ contention of an aesthetics of narcissism which she applied to video in the 1970s apply to the digital now? Kathy O’Dell’s critical work explores the notion of a contract of complicity between artist and audience. For Nelly Richard the body is ‘the meeting place between the individual and the collective … the boundary between biology and society, between drives and discourses’. Philosopher Elaine Scarry has demonstrated how the body has the status of being our most definite material reference point and is therefore used to give substance to ideologies or to take it away. The body has been the site of both ideological control and resistance.
Digital technologies have been a key influence in bringing the embodied consciousness and a metaphysics of the body back into focus. What qualities of human interaction are enabled or disabled by digital technologies? If our contemporary co-existence in both real and digital habitats is increasingly removing the distinction between real and fictional or simulated, fantasy and fact, how is that affecting our values? The computer or TV screen turns the live human into a digital object, an avatar. The digital tends to the specular, the solitary, the pornographic, the onanistic, the commodity. Can we play responsibly with each other in the digital domain?
Tickets: 7.5 GBP, concessions 4.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacyatrisk.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

18:30 – 23:00
LAUNCH OF INTIMACY – FREE, no booking required!

Come along for a very exciting evening of cutting-edge performances and a few glasses of wine, and SPREAD THE WORD.

An eclectic programme of live performances taking place at Goldsmiths Campus: Ben Pimlott Foyer & Seminar Rooms, George Wood Theatre and Studio 3.

With artists: SUKA OFF (Poland), Tale of Tales (Belgium), Avatar Body Collision (International) among many others.

Full Programme TBC soon – check website for frequent updates.

SATURDAY 8 DECEMBER

10:00-14:00 [Goldsmiths: Graduate School Seminar Room]
SEMINAR: PERFORMANCE AND PORNOGRAPHY
Leader: DR. DOMINIC JOHNSON, Queen Mary University of London
This seminar will address representations of erotic and sexual intimacy in performance. Performance will be explored as a staging of forbidden or otherwise troubled intimacies, thinking through works that figure intimacy between queers, intimacy with animals, and intimacy with children. Works for discussion may include Ron Athey and Lee Adam’s
/Revisions of Excess/ event, Pier Paolo Pasolini’s /Porcile/ and /Salo/, Kira O’Reilly’s /Inthewrongplaceness/, Tennessee Williams’ /Suddenly, Last Summer/, and the photography of Slava Mogutin, Robert Mapplethorpe and Richard Kern. In approaching these diverse performances of difficult intimacies, critical frameworks will be set up, deploying Emmanuel Levinas’s idea of the infinite intimacy that is the epiphany of the
face-to-face encounter; William Haver’s imagining of “the pornographic life” lived within the proximate horror of intimate risk; and Georges Bataille’s writings on the threat of intimate interiors as a “scandalous eruption”. In exploring these varied cultural practitioners, odd contiguities, favourable mutations and unfamiliar critical intimacies
may hopefully arise.
Tickets: 7.5 GBP, concessions 4.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacypornography.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

10:30-14:30
WORKSHOP: INTIMACY AND RECORDED PRESENCE [Goldsmiths: George Wood Theatre]
Leader: KELLI DIPPLE, Tate
This workshop will explore intimacy and presence within the context of the recorded image. Using as a basis for form, instruction based action and one to one performance. The camera is often the interface between performer, action and technology. It is a key element in the relationships between kinaesthetic forms and digital outputs. It is an important starting point and often under estimated. The relationship between performer and camera operator, whether working towards a pre-recorded or live output can be a creative and conversational partnership. With attention and development it can be a complex dialogue involving the intimate exchange of much knowledge. Participants will
explore the power of cinematography in the creation of intimacy and presence. Sound will also be discussed as an integral element.
Tickets: 7.5 GBP, concessions 4.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacypresence.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

11:00-18:00 [Goldsmiths: Small Hall /Cinema] – FREE, no booking required!
A MARATHON of SHOW & TELL presentations and SCREENINGS with selected artists from around the world.
Programme TBC soon – check website for frequent updates.

11:00-18:00 [The Albany: Community Rooms & Studio]
Performances with artists Sam Rose (UK), Mary Oliver (UK), Leena Kela (Finland), Rachelle Beaudoin (USA), Pierre Bongiovanni & Camille Renard (France) and Martina von Holn (UK), among others.
Programme TBC soon – check website for frequent updates.
Many of the performances are FREE to the public.

14:00-18:00
SEMINAR: (Dis)Embodiment
Leader: PROF. PAUL SERMON, University of Salford.
This seminar will identify and question the notions of embodiment and disembodiment in relation to the interacting performer in telematic and telepresent art installations.
At what point is performer embodying the virtual performer in front of them? And have they therefore become disembodied by doing so? A number of interactive telematic artworks will be looked at in detail during the seminar, establishing case-study examples to answer these questions. Stemming from Kit Galloway and Sherrie Rabinowitz seminal work Hole-in-Space to Paul Sermon’s telepresent experiments with Telematic Dreaming and to the current immerging creative/critical discourse in ‘Second Life’ that polarizes fundamental existential questions concerning identity, the self, the ego and the (dis)embodied avatar.
Tickets: 7.5 GBP, concessions 4.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacydisembodiment.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

14:00-18:00
WORKSHOP: AVATAR PASTE AND CODE SOUP IN FIRST AND SECOND LIFE
Leaders: ASS. PROF. SANDY BALDWIN, West Virginia University & ALAN SONDHEIM
This workshop will take place in the virtual world Second Life, and will be conducted by Alan Sondheim and Sandy Baldwin, with participation by other artists and performers in Second Life. Participants from the Intimacy conference will be supplied with location and others details within Second Life. The workshop emerges from Sondheim and Baldwin’s ongoing exploration of analog and digital bodies, using a range of technologies to remap the solid and obdurate real of bodies into the dispersions and virtualities of the digital, and then back again into real physical spaces. The “avatar paste” of the title means at least three things.
Firstly, the pasting of viewpoints together, the suturing of the subject into the avatar. Secondly, paste as glue, as half-liquid and half solid, as a materiality of renewable and infinite pliability. This is the chora of the avatar, the body matrix that is less a framework than a smearing of paste. And thirdly, paste as pasty and dis/comfortable substance, paste as slimy and dripping. While this abjection is already implicit in paste as glue, the pastiness of paste involves the projection and dreaming through of the avatar, the inhabitation of avatar bodies and the emptying of real bodies into the avatar.
“Avatar paste” comes out in avatar motions and behaviors. Firstly, these are formed by symbolic orders, presenting surfaces to read in terms of sexuality, power, emotion, and other projections. At the same time, the pasty avatar body tends towards collapse and abjection. Work on the avatar becomes a choreography of exposure and rupture, modeling and presenting inconceivable and untenable data, within which tensions and relationships are immediate and intimate. One might imagine, then, this inconceivable data as a form of organism itself: as part of a natural world or a world already given; out of this we might think through new ideas of landscape, wilderness, hard ecology, the earth itself.
The workshop will theorize and demonstrate these topics. The first part discusses theoretical frameworks. Alan Sondheim will introduce the topic of dismemberment and telepresence in terms of the presence or appearance of abjection in Second Life avatars. He will connect this to the epistemology of emptiness vis-a-vis sheave theory and Buddhist philosophy, and then to the problems of motion and behavior of avatars. Sandy Baldwin will discuss the topography of limits in Second Life, both body limits and spatial limits, an connect this to issues of the hunt and animal display.
He will also discuss the dynamics of performance and audience in Second Life. The second part of the workshop will show off Sondheim and Baldwin’s approach to re-mapping live bodies into Second Life performances, including: video and other
examples of motion capture and scanning; intermediate processing of files (e.g. editing .bvh data or working with Blender); and then the resulting works, including documents of Second Life performances and re-mappings back into “first life” spaces with dancers and other live performers. The final part of the workshop will include avatar performance by Sondheim, Baldwin, and other participants in Second Life.
FREE!
Book Now by emailing: drp01mc (at) gold.ac.uk
LIMITED CAPACITY

19:30 [LABAN Studio Theatre]
World Première: SUNA NO ONNA (Woman of the Dunes)
Dans Sans Joux has been commissioned to create a new movement-design performance for Intimacy. Suna no Onna, adapted from Hiroshi Teshigahara’s mysterious 1960s cult movie, is a dance installation that merges virtual and real images of a life of existential entrapment in an inhospitable habitat. The ominous sand dunes of Teshigahara’s desert are transformed into virtual realities that shape the unconscious ground where the Woman (Katsura Isobe) meets a scientist-foreigner who stumbles into her life to become a captive.
The work combines dance, interactive video and animation, fashion design, and electronic music created by an ensemble of artists from diverse creative backgrounds. The integration of the various elements of this performance follows an experimental fashion design concept for the development of sensorial and interfacial garments (built with intelligent materials) which respond to movement qualities, energies and emotional gesture.
Conceived and directed by Johannes Birringer and Michèle Danjoux, the stage production features new fashion concepts by Danjoux and digital designs by a group of collaborating artists including Paul Verity Smith, Doros Polydorou, Maria Wiener, and Jonathan Hamilton. Original music is composed by Oded Ben-Tal, and the scenography is by Hsueh-Pei Wang. Lighting design by Miguel Alonso. Suna no Onna is performed by an international cast of three – Japanese dancer Katsura Isobe, British dancer Olu Taiwo, and Chinese dancer Helenna Ren.
Tickets: 12 GBP, concessions 8 GBP
Book Now at: https://www.purchase-tickets-online.co.uk/peo22430/default.asp
LIMITED CAPACITY

SUNDAY 9 DECEMBER

INTIMACY SYMPOSIUM

9:30-10:00
REGISTRATION & COFFEE

10:00-10:30

INTRODUCTION: RACHEL ZERIHAN & MARIA X

10:30-11:15
KEY SPEAKER: PROF. AMELIA JONES

11:15-13:15
Erotics of (Dis)Embodiment
Panel & Seminar Feedback
Speakers: Prof. Professor Paul Sermon, Dr Dominic Johnson, Ang Bartram, Kelli Dipple, Prof. Thecla Schiphorst
Chair: Prof. Janis Jefferies

13:15-14:15
Lunch Break – Cooking event with Hiwa K. (Iraq/Germany) and live performance with Adam Overton (USA)

14:15-16:00

AT RISK
Panel & Seminar Feedback
Speakers: Tracey Warr, Mine Kaylan, Kira O’Reilly, Dr Simon Jones, Jess Dobkin

Chair: Prof. Adrian Heathfield

16:00-16:30

Coffee Break

16:30-18:00
INTIMACY Open Discussion
Chair: Prof. Johannes Birringer

18:00-19:00
Live Performance with Anesthesia Associates (NZ)
Tickets: 14.5 GBP, concessions 9.5 GBP
Book Now at: http://intimacysymposium.eventbrite.com/
LIMITED CAPACITY

DIWO presentation

introdcution
deptford.tv & deckspace & boundless & bitnik & dyne:bolic

documentation
transmission network & flossmanuals & converge

examples
Knowbotic research & radioquala & cae

DIWO deptford.tv
map

tools
dyne:bolic & pculture & archive

license
by-sa & artlibre & open knowledge & no software patents

distribution
file-sharing?  home-cooking? & home-sewing?

what is needed?
edl system & Concurrent Versions System? & good edit suite?

near future
migrating universities? & next workshop lewisham77

remix deptford.tv with pure:data?

docma & cucr

strategies of sharing

Strategies of Sharing: the Case-study of Deptford.TV

by Maria X & Adnan Hadzi

Watch the video-essay Strategies of Sharing (2006) at http://www.deptford.tv/bm/

Are you ready to share?

Web 2.0 is all about sharing and networking. Software like blogs, wikis, social networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook, and file-sharing platforms such as YouTube and Flickr have made it possible for anyone privileged enough to enjoy access to new technologies to publish their thoughts, diaries, personal information, literature, photos and videos, and invite everyone else to access, share and process this information (to varying degrees and subject to authorisation). This article attempts to explore the ‘strategies’ of sharing, using the project Deptford.TV (http://www.deptford.tv) as a case-study.

Deptford.TV is an open and networked project that employs methods of commons-based peer production and uses open source software to build a video database for collective film-making. It is also a community project that attempts to collectively document the regeneration process in the area of Deptford, Southeast London. Deptford.TV was initiated in September 2005 by Adnan Hadzi, in collaboration with SPC.org media lab (http://www.spc.org), Bitnik.org (http://www.bitnik.org/en), the Boundless.coop (http://www.boundless.coop), Liquid Culture (http://www.liquidculture.info) and Goldsmiths University of London.1 It started assembling audiovisual materials about Deptford and the regeneration process taking place in the area by asking local community members, video artists, film-makers, visual artists, activists and students to contribute diverse work2. All the rough materials and edited media content that people have submitted is available on the Deptford.TV database. The material will also be distributed over the boundless.coop wireless network using open content licenses. Deptford.TV is a work in progress which is currently growing by inviting more people to contribute audiovisual work, and by organising events in physical space, such as workshops and screenings.

The Art of Participation

It is old news that we live through ‘the information era’3. Nevertheless N. Katherine Hayles’ (1999) discourse on information as pattern/randomness is very timely: Hayles argues that, whereas materiality is characterised by presence, information is characterised by pattern (as complementary to presence). She further argues that, within the information era, the presence-absence dialectic -although always pertinent- has been pushed into the background. In its place, a new dialectic has been foregrounded: that of pattern and randomness. Hayles goes on to explain that, whereas presence-absence is an oppositional dialectic (absence is the negation of presence), pattern and randomness are not oppositional but complementary. In that sense, randomness is not seen as the absence of pattern -in the way absence is seen as the lack of (material) presence- but as the ground for pattern to emerge. Pattern-randomness implies yet another shift of emphasis, claims Hayles: the shift from ownership to access. Whereas ownership requires a presence (something tangible one would wish to own), access implies pattern recognition.

In the field of art we have witnessed a shift from the material object (painting, sculpture etc.) to immaterial concepts, open-ended processes, distributed systems and relational environments since the early 1960s. Movements such as futurism, conceptual art, environments, events and happenings, and later on digital, new media or computational art, and ideas such as relational aesthetics (Bourriaud, 2001), brought this shift forth. As Hayles points out, whereas art objects were calling for someone to own them, immaterial concepts, open systems, processes and relationalities call for people to ’embody’ or ‘inhabit’ them, take part in them, contribute to them, co-create or ‘become’ them. Examples of such work are numerous: Tale of Tales’ (http://www.tale-of-tales.com) piece The Endless Forest (http://www.tale-of-tales.com/TheEndlessForest) for example is, among other things, a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG). The artists wanted the Forest, unlike some of their previous work4 or performances taking place in physical environments, to be always ‘live’. Nevertheless, they did not want the piece to depend on their constant presence for its ‘liveness’, as this would obviously be impossible. This led them to create a consistent virtual world which people can inhabit. The Endless Forest is always (a)live as users animate it through their own presence: in The Forest users become deer (as avatars) who inhabit -and thus become- the art-piece. This is not unlike Alan Kaprow’s environments and Happenings: the audiences were invited to get into Kaprow’s work, ‘become’ it, inhabit, enact and change it.

Networked practices often -but not always- operate as open systems that provide their users/audiences with access to their content, internal dramaturgies, structures, and/or rough materials. Due to their networking quality, which means that such works bring together many interconnected things or people, such practices can be more open, fluid, dynamic and unexpected in comparison to work created and thus ‘controlled’ by one artist or a tightly knit team. Such practices -and Deptford.TV is such as example- invite users/audiences to take part in them, rather than own them. The degree of access and involvement participants are offered depends on the project. It can vary from formal interaction where audiences can make choices within the frame of a predefined narrative, to co-authorship where participants are invited to create the piece together with its initiator(s). Even more radically, communities of users can, sometimes, initiate themselves the collective production of a piece5. Once participants become central to a piece and, possibly, claim co-authorship for it, the power, responsibility, and -conceptual, aesthetic, technical or other- control over the outcomes radically shifts from the ‘creator(s)/producers’ to the ‘audiences/consumers’. This shift challenges the traditional dichotomy between creators /producers vs. consumers of content and context, and calls for the rethinking of such distinctions.

Open projects that challenge the producer vs. consumer dichotomy demonstrate the emergence of a new paradigm called ‘commons-based peer production’. This term was coined by Yochai Benkler (2006) to describe a new model of economic production in which the creative energy of large numbers of people is coordinated (usually with the aid of the internet) into large projects, mostly without traditional hierarchical organisation or financial compensation. The free and open source software movement along with collaborative projects such as wikis are the best known examples of such practice. In the cultural sphere a growing number of projects invite the audiences’ involvement, participation and contribution, and/or use open source software providing their users with access to content and know-how, as well as the possibility of developing or recycling the project for the production of their own work6. Sher Doruff (2003: 73) employs the term ‘collaborative culture’ to describe cultural practices of collaboration and inter-authorship that shift the focus from conventional inter-disciplinary exchanges “towards a synergy that marginalizes individual contribution over the relational dynamics and emergent possibilities of the collective.” The Internet, being a decentralised peer-to-peer environment, provides a good infrastructure for projects that favour open access and collaborative creativity over ownership and authorship.7

Deptford.TV

But who are these people who want to share their work? Who are the Deptford.TV users? In the summer of 2006 there were 54 people involved with Deptford.TV, most of which were locals (living not only in Deptford but also other neigbhouring Southeast London areas such as New Cross, Greenwich, Peckham and Brockley). Although fairly diverse, these people shared three main interests: 1. film-making; 2. practices of file-sharing, open source software, alternative copyright litigation (copylefting) and remix culture; and 3. their local area of Deptford and the regeneration process currently taking place there.

Why do these people want to share their work? What kind of work are they prepared to share? Which strategies do they employ in the process of sharing? And how do they tackle the challenges such practices involve?

In that same summer (2006) we interviewed 12 Deptford.TV users. The aim of these interviews was to understand why these people were interested in contributing their work to the Deptford.TV project. We wanted to know what did collaboration mean to them, and how did they feel about their work being shared, remixed, re-edited, re-used, and redistributed.

The first issue we had to tackle was how to select participants for the interviews. Did our interviewees have to be a ‘representative sample’ of the people that took part in the project? Or could they be randomly selected? And what constitutes a ‘representative sample’ within this context? Should we undertake the process of labelling, counting and recruiting our interviewees according to their gender, nationality, and age range? Or should we select people in relation to their fields of expertise and contribution to the project?

We soon decided that a quantitative approach was not the most appropriate within our context, and that statistics were irrelevant. What we needed was for a different type of diversity to be represented: since we are looking at a collaborative project and wish to explore how people work together, we decided to interview people who made different types of contribution to the project: film-makers Janine Lãi, Elvira, and Amanda Egbe shot videos specifically for Deptford.TV; film-maker Gordon Cooper and design collective Raw Nerve contributed videos from their archive material; Bitnik media collective wrote software for Deptford.TV; Stephen Oldfield performed a live music gig which was documented and uploaded on the database; Camden McDonald offered a venue for live events (Mindsweeper); Nik Hilton created and contributed a video from his perspective as an architect; and James Stevens contributed the technical infrastructure for the project through Deckspace and Boundless. Our interviewees also happened to be fairly diverse in terms of gender, ethnicity and age, although this reflects the diversity of the Deptford.TV participants rather than our concern about these interviews.

On Collaboration

Over the past fifteen years artists have clearly become increasingly interested in collective work. The nature of group work has also changed fundamentally. More and more frequently, artists are co-operating with one another (…) in order to exploit shared strengths and talents but also in order to depart from well-trodden paths that are dependent on the subject. (Block & Nollert, 2005: 8)

The first thing we wanted to discuss with the participants of Deptford.TV is the notion of collaboration. The most important element of Deptford.TV as well as many other Web 2.0 practices from YouTube to Wikipedia is a mentality of openness, which becomes manifest in practice as collaboration, exchange and sharing. So we asked the interviewees what collaboration means to them. In asking such a broad question we clearly were not after a dictionary definition of the term – what we wanted was each participant’s very personal take on collaboration as a methodology for producing work -as well as living everyday life.

All the participants talked about collaboration in terms of sharing. For them, it is not just about working together. Most importantly, collaboration is about sharing resources and expertise in order to create collaboratively something that none of them could create on his/her own. They all described collaboration as a rich, enjoyable and productive experience that involves discussion and negotiation and brings together people from diverse backgrounds, disciplines and fields of expertise. Kieran McMillan (Raw Nerve) describes collaboration as “jamming together”, whereas Rebecca Molina (Raw Nerve) talks about it as “empowerment achieved through the exchange of knowledge, expertise, and resources.” Oldfield identifies collaboration with the willingness to explore new ideas and, in doing so, abandon any predefined structures that might prove too rigid or inappropriate.

While in favour of collaboration as a creative practice, the interviewees also described it as a complex and time-consuming process that requires an investment of time and energy. Everyone stressed the importance of allowing time for a collaborative process to evolve organically. Stevens pointed out that lack of time can lead to the formation of what people often consider as more time-effective systems of collaboration such as committees, which often become too rigid and have the opposite results by suppressing communication, creativity and individuality. Everybody agreed that, despite the difficulties it involves, collaboration is a process worth investing in, in terms of the quality of both the experience and its outcomes.

An issue that kept resurfacing is the tackling of hierarchical systems of organisation within collaborative practices. We asked the Deptford.TV participants whether they consider leadership to be necessary in the framework of such practices. Can members of a group operate on equal footing without a leader? If leadership is necessary, can it shift from one person to another rather than being identified with one fixed leader?

Most of the participants declared their preference for collaboration within flexible schemas where roles can shift, and individual leadership -if this emerges as a necessity- can be distributed rather than centralised. Elvira and Lãi declared that, although leadership might be necessary in certain group situations, they are not interested in collaborating within traditional hierarchical scenarios where one leader undertakes overall control. Bitnik agreed, but pointed out that leader-free groups ran a higher risk of ‘failure’: things can easily go wrong and projects can fail to work out. Nevertheless, Bitnik consider the process of equal collaboration within artistic practice so important, that they see this as a risk worth taking. Raw Nerve, on the other hand, think that leadership is necessary in terms of vision and drive -without (a) fixed leader(s), they argue, there is no overall vision (although there can be many clashing ones) and collaboration can lead to chaos and frustration. It is worth observing that, as a design collective that collaborates with the industry, Raw Nerve are more consumer-oriented compared to the rest of the participants, and thus have a stronger interest to secure effective product delivery.

Throughout these interviews the idea of ‘equal footing’ was repeatedly identified as an important aspect of a healthy collaboration. It soon became apparent though that the diverse participants of a collaborative project need not be expected to contribute ‘the same’ or in the same way. Bitnik argued that, within a group, there are always people who need more time than others because they are less articulate /vocal /confident /motivated, or just not clear about what they want to do and/or how to achieve it. Bitnik stressed that a group should actively try and involve such people rather than conveniently push them aside and get on with the work. Nevertheless, they also stressed that no member of a group should be expected to sacrifice or suppress their personality or ideas in order to facilitate the function of the group as a whole, as this is bound to eventually lead to dissatisfaction and conflict.

Cooper insisted on the importance of collaboration based on equal footing, particularly within the context of a ‘community project’. He has often witnessed people outside a specific community coming in as leaders of projects that are supposedly designed for the benefit of the community; Cooper stressed that this practice can be patronising towards the very community it purports to benefit. Stevens discussed the danger of projects being closely ‘guarded’ by their initiator or a core group of participants who invest too much in them to be able to let go. He believes that the aim of a community project is for the community itself to take over so that the project can be ‘dissolved’ within it. This means that ownership of the project should be dispersed, rather than concentrated in the hands of a single leader or core group.

All the participants agreed that collaborative projects, other than being richer and more enjoyable experiences, often result to better outcomes due to their interdisciplinary nature. Raw Nerve particularly insisted on the quality of the work produced through interdisciplinary collaboration. They argued that such practices can produce outcomes that a sole artist/ professional would never have been able to develop in isolation. Bitnik also stressed their interest in working collaboratively as a collective. They pointed out that, within the field of digital /new media art and activism interdisciplinary collaborations are often necessary, since the sharing of skills and resources is vital for certain projects to be realised. Finally, Lãi and Cooper both pointed out that collaborative work often brings longer-lasting results, as it is the outcome of a more organic process.

On Authorship

There is a tradition that includes Walter Benjamin, Roland Barthes, the comte de Lautréamont, and Jorge Luis Borges that rejects the originality of the author, characterises the author as producer, and identifies a collective authorship: Individuals are the ensemble of their social and cultural relationships. They compile and arrange knowledge and act as mediators of an idea, and ergo exist as a subject in the plural. (Nollert, 2005: 25)

All the interviewees have contributed their own work to Deptford.TV, thus allowing for its re-distribution, remix, re-edit and reuse through alternative licensing systems such as the Creative Commons and GNU General Public license. We wanted to know why they decided to do that. How do they feel about the fact that their work can be reused? Do they think personal attribution is important? Why did they decide to abandon or share control over their own work?

Everyone agreed on the importance of personal attribution in terms of protecting their identity as creators of content or context, as well as the work itself (which can be tracked down and monitored). Having said that, most of the participants also agreed that once their work is in the public domain, it is not their own property any more. Elvira felt that once people watch her films they become theirs too. Oldfield, whose sound performances operate a lot through improvisation, explained that his work emerges as the outcome of specific circumstances the audiences make part of. In that sense his performances are not his own, but belong to everyone present at the time of their creation. Bitnik are happy for their code to be re-authored as they think that this process can threaten neither the work nor their identity as artists as long as they are being attributed as the first authors of the piece.

Many of the participants pointed out that “nothing is new”: we are all already re-using ideas, concepts, forms and aesthetics, and base our work on huge amounts of other work which has influenced us throughout our lives.8 This can be artistic work but also folk stories, music, crafts, common cultural references, and everything else that constitutes our cultural ‘baggage’. Through our work we develop and reproduce a lot of these references, or we use them as stepping stones to get somewhere else. What an author actually does, argued Bitnik, is to give form, identify, make emerge and/or attribute specific meaning to something that is already there, rather than produce something new out of nothing. Since our work is already based on the recycling of culture and ideas, many of the participants argued, why should we be so protective of it? Why shouldn’t we allow for our work to be recycled and for other people to use it as their stepping stone? Why shouldn’t this work belong to the whole community as well as a single author?

Re-using existing work and allowing for one’s own work to be re-used enhances creativity -this is something everybody agreed on. Elvira felt that mainstream litigation often limits creativity through blocking what is a natural process of sharing and re-appropriation. Bitnik see re-appropriation as liberating of both content and practice. Other interviewees, such as Oldfield and Lãi, believe that sharing is beneficial to the work itself, as it allows it to achieve its highest possible impact. Lãi argued that one has to trust that one’s work (in her case film) will not be used in ways that are not appropriate -the only other option is to ‘bury’ the work for fear of something that, most probably, will never happen. Cooper made the same point: one has to either take a risk as a creator and liberate his/her work, or else cling to it for ever, hiding it away from public view and debate.

Raw Nerve described how their designs can acquire a life of their own once allowed to keep developing in the hands of other people -a life that they themselves had not anticipated. They nevertheless made a distinction between sharing their work with communities, and being ‘ripped off’ by big companies who will happily appropriate their designs without paying a fair fee. Cooper was also sceptical in terms of releasing his film archives to the public domain: although he will happily share some pieces, other works are too important for him to share, and he prefers to keep for himself. He thinks that this balance between sharing and holding on to, opening up to public usage and keeping for oneself, is very important in terms of safeguarding one’s individuality as an artist as well as any particularly precious (in terms of either monetary or emotional value) piece of work.

Among the people we interviewed, Stevens was the most sceptical concerning issues of authorship and the use of alternative licenses. He pointed out that currently there is a lot of confusion and contradictions around these issues. Stevens thinks that this confusion deters many artists from taking part in collaborative projects and making their work freely available. According to Stevens, alternative licensing systems attempt to explore and map any ‘open space’ in media production and usage. He explained that such systems support a policy of restrictive openness as an alternative to the current copyright policy of absolute restriction and total overall control. Nevertheless, Stevens argued that alternative licensing systems are extremely complex, and people who make use of these should be prepared to defend themselves and/or their work in case of misuse or misrepresentation. He believes that wider exploitation of these licenses will unavoidably bring forth such issues in the future.

Conclusions (Maria X)

  • Share your work, but do it your own way. You will find it is worth it.
  • Be prepared to invest time and energy into the process of sharing.
  • Be sure to gain a rich experience in return for your investment.
  • Be prepared to stand up for yourself as there is always a chance that people will try to misuse the work or misrepresent you as an author. Nevertheless remember that, most likely, none of these will happen.
  • Be certain of the benefits of communicating your work to a wider audience through opening it up and allowing for it to be shared.
  • Let go. A collaborative project does not belong to you, even if you are its initiator.
  • Collaboration is about diversity.
  • Collaboration is hard work -take your time, be prepared for conflict, and allow for ‘failure’ as well as ‘success’.
  • Nothing is new, and your ideas are no different…
  • Finally:

The individual and the group cannot avoid a certain existential plunge into chaos. This is already what we do every night when we abandon ourselves to the world of dreams. The main question is what we gain from this plunge: a sense of disaster, or the revelation of new outlines of the possible? (Guattari, 1992: 1)

We started interviewing Deptford.TV participants in an attempt to understand what made them interested in the project and willing to share their work with potentially anyone who would like to use it. By the end of the interviews we had, as always, even more questions, but we also had some answers: it became clear that all the participants we interviewed enjoyed taking part in Deptford.TV as this provided an opportunity to produce new work (film, performance, software, other) within an interesting and inspiring (to them) social context and/or revive archived projects by contributing them as content within a ‘living’ database. According to Sharon Daniel:

A ‘conception’ of the ‘beauty’ of a database is not located in the viewer’s interpretation of a static form but in the dynamics of how a user inflects the database through interaction with its field or frame. A database incorporates contradiction (…).The aesthetic dimensions of the database arise when the user traverses this field of unresolved contradictions.

Talking with its participants we understood how Deptford.TV, as a database film-making project, exists as a dynamic, permanently in flux “field of unresolved contradictions”: the participants talked to us about their will to share one’s work with like-minded people and their fear of the work being misused; their wish to explore alternative copyright litigation and their scepticism regarding the legal complexities alternative licensing systems are bound to unearth; their feelings of ownership and protectiveness towards their own work, as well as their desire to see the work evolve and acquire several unpredictable lives of its own. According to Hadzi (2006: 8) one of the aims of Deptford.TV is to raise awareness about individual responsibility in the way we relate to mass media, through providing a multiplicity of accessible standpoints which await for us to select and possibly shape into potential ‘news-feeds’. Through these discussions I remain positive that Deptford.TV succeeds to generate an open, flexible and dynamic pool of contradictions that demands from its spectators to create their own ‘spectacles’. How many people will actually take the challenge though? We’ll have to wait and see.

P.s.

You are personally invited to rewrite this essay. You can watch the edited video essay Strategies of Sharing (2006) at http://www.deptford.tv/bm/

You can access the full unedited interviews on http://watch.deptford.tv (you need to register as a deptford.tv user to be able to access these and more than 2,000 other clips online, as well as use the technical platform for collaborative film-editing).

Your video essay will be published on deptford.tv. Your essay will be published on both blogs. Information will be sent out to the deptford.tv and cybertheatres mailing-lists.

this text is also published in the body, space & technology journal

NOTES

1 Deptford.TV was initiated and is currently managed by Adnan Hadzi (2006) as a practice-led research project. Hadzi’s research focuses on new forms of film-making and the development of technologies and platforms that can support collective post-production, which he believes is the most difficult part of film production in terms of collaborative work. This is the main difference between Deptford.TV and other file-sharing platforms such as YouTube: the aim of Deptford.TV is not just to provide a database of videos that everyone can access, but also to provide the technical platform that will allow for the collaborative processing and post-production of these film materials. Another major difference is that Deptford.TV is a thematic project which collects videos that relate to the area of Deptford in Southeast London and the regeneration process that takes place there. Deptford is one of Southeast London’s oldest industrial areas and has always been one of the most underprivileged areas of the country. According to Heidi Seetzen (2006), “Deptford is now the site of a number of high-profile buildings and cultural projects, to the point that there is now talk of the emergence of a ‘Deptford Riviera’ and a limited amount of media speculation that the area may finally emerge as “Britain’s answer to Left Bank.””

2 For example current work, archives, rough materials, edited content, but also performances in physical space which are documented and put on the web.

3 For example see Toffler, A. (1980) The Third Wave. New York: William Morrow & Co.; and Bell, D. (1973) The Coming of Post Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Groups

4 See for example Wirefire (1999-2003) http://www.etrnopy8zuper.org/wirefire, or 8 (2003-4, exists only as prototype) http://www.tale-of-tales.com/8/

5 The First Person Shooter game Counter Strike is a good example: according to Celia Pearce (2003), the first version of the game was created entirely by its players using the level-builders in the Half Life game engine.

6 See for example the work of UK-based group Radioqualia http://www.radioqualia.net, Danish collective Superflex http://www.superflex.net, as well as the work of programmer /artist Jaromil http://rastasoft.org

7 In saying that it is important to point out that I in no way consider the Internet to be a ‘pure’ medium – I would rather think that it is, by now, clear to all that it has become heavily controlled by corporate giants such as Microsoft and AOL. To quote Doruff again (2003: 77), “There is no guarantee that the self-organizational innovation commons of the Net will continue under the potentially crippling controls of wireless protocols, perhaps dead-ending the future of proliferating communities.”

8 When it comes to literature Julia Kristeva (1980: 69) has introduced this idea through her notion of ‘intertextuality’, which refers to the vertical connection of a text to other texts. This notion is very much associated with poststructuralist theory.

REFERENCES

Benkler, Y. (2006) The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. http://www.benkler.org/wealth_of_networks/index.php?title=Main_Page#Read_the_book (accessed 1/12/2006).

Block, R. and Nollert, A. (eds) (2005) Collective Creativity. Kassel & Munich: Kunsthalle Fridericianum & Siemens Arts Program: 8.

Bourriaud, N. (2001) Esthétique Relationelle. Paris: Les Presses du Réel.

Daniel, S. Database Aesthetics: Issues of Organization and Category in Online Art. http://time.arts.ucla.edu/Al_Society/daniel.ht

Doruff, S. (2003) “Collaborative Culture” in Brouwer, J., Mulder, A and Charlton, S. (eds) (2003) Making Art of Databases. Rotterdam: V2 &NAi Publishers.

Guattari, F. (1992) “Pour une refondation des pratiques socials”. Le Monde Diplomatique, October 1992: 1 in Block, R. and Nollert, A. (eds) (2005) Collective Creativity. Kassel & Munich: Kunsthalle Fridericianum & Siemens Arts Program.

Hadzi, A. (2006) “What is Deptford.TV?” in Deptford.TV (eds) (2006) Deptford.TV diaries. London: OWN, SPC Media Lab & Deckspace: 7-9.

Hayles, K. N. (1999) How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.

Kristeva, J. (1980) Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. New York: Columbia University Press.

Nollert, A. (2005) “Art is Life, and Life is Art”, in Block, R. and Nollert, A. (eds) Collective Creativity. Kassel & Munich: Kunsthalle Fridericianum & Siemens Arts Program: 25

Pearce, C. (2002) “Emergent Authorship: the Next Interactive Revolution”. http://www.cpandfriends.com/writing/computers-graphics.html (retrieved February 2003).

Seetzen, H. (2006) “The Production of Place: the Renewal of Deptford Creekside” in Deptford.TV (eds) (2006) Deptford.TV diaries. London: OWN, SPC Media Lab & Deckspace: 29-44